[1], The belated nature of the award meant that, for many clasps, substantially fewer medals were issued when compared with the numbers present. . GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL The medal was awarded with one of five obverse designs:[2], George VI (1st type) 'INDIAE IMP' (193649), George VI (2nd type) without 'INDIAE IMP' (194952), Elizabeth II (1st type) 'BR OMN' (195253), Elizabeth II (2nd type) 'DEI GRATIA' (195362), The 1915 NGSM was never awarded without a clasp. The Army/Royal Air Force equivalent was the General Service Medal (1918). Rolls for the 1935 Jubilee are in QLIB 4 and for the 1937 Coronation in QLIB 5. For service abroad (including India) 5 August 1914 to 11 November 1918, or 1919-1920 in Russia. For service in Southwest Asia and contiguous waters of air space thereover. Nominal card index for pieces 78-88, First World War Royal Naval Medal Roll, in the reading rooms at the National Archives, Kew. Each ship is listed separately. You may use arrow keys to change which option is selected. Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence Awarded to any person who was taken prisoner of war and held captive after April 5, 1917, during World Wars I and II, Korea and Vietnam conflicts and Operation Desert Storm. It was awarded with one of five obverse designs: The ribbonis white with broad crimson edges and two narrow crimson stripes towards the center. Four men qualified for six clasps and fourteen for five clasps. Entries in the medal rolls are in alphabetical order, so there is no need for an index. Ark Royal." Confirmed on the medal roll, only about 149 clasps were issued to the Ark Royal. THE GENERAL SERVICE MEDAL (ARMY AND ROYAL AIR FORCE) SERVICE IN MALAYA SINCE 16TH JUNE, 1948 1. i. Only one award is authorized per individual. You can apply if you were awarded a medal for service in any of the following: the army the Royal Navy the Royal Marines the Royal Air Force ( RAF) the Home Guard the reserve forces You. Both these medals were replaced by the General Service Medal in 1962. There are separate search pages for the Army (sourced from WO 100) and for the Royal Navy and Royal Marines (sourced from ADM 171). Campaign or war medals were awarded to members of the armed services and eligible civilians, for taking part in a campaign or for service in time of war. MEDAL'S DESCRIPTION: The Naval General Service Medal was approved in 1847 for issue to officers and men of the Royal Navy retroactively. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The surviving records until that date only contain basic services details and lists of postings. Medal rolls are lists of men entitled to a particular medal, they. The Naval General Service Medal can refer to one of two medals, each issued by the British government as campaign medals for naval service: In 1962, the British government authorised a new medal, the General Service Medal (1962), which replaced both the Naval General Service Medal and the Army and RAF equivalent the General Service Medal (1918). For six months direct combat support or service in South Vietnam between March 1, 1961, and March 28, 1973. (Wills paper), = Issued to Air Ministry for disposal to man, = Issued to War Office for disposal to man, = Issued to Board of Trade for disposal to man, = Issued by Air Ministry (for service in RAF), = Issued by War Office (for service in Army), = Issued by Board of Trade (for service in the Merchant Service), = Forfeited (R(Run) or D(Discharged with Disgrace) normally a code or reason is given, = Naval Representation, Commonwealth of Australia, the recipients regimental/service number, a note of the clasps to which he or she was entitled, whether the medal was received or not (a tick against the name indicates it was received; a cross against the name indicates that the delivery of the medal failed or that it was returned), regiment or other unit (but not battalion), the date the soldier first entered a theatre of war, the theatre of war in which the soldier served, cause of discharge (usually indicated by a code reference to the Kings Regulations), For replacement of medals issued for service after 1920 contact the. research. If you don't have an account please register. The Naval General Service Medal 1793-1840 (NGS) is a retrospective campaign medal sanctioned in 1847 and issued to surviving officers and men in 1849 who had participated in major battles of the Royal Navy. Duplicate and returned medals have also been noted. For heroism or extraordinary achievement in aerial flight. There are medal index cards for over 5.5 million men who served abroad in the First World War. Ribbon [citation needed] bar. Awarded by the secretary of defense for superior meritorious service while in a position of significant responsibility while assigned to a joint activity. Pylandes. 09:00 to 17:00. For outstanding non-combat meritorious achievement or service to the United States. Selected Naval Despatches are included for a fuller insight. b. Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Royal Naval Air Service The obverse has a portrait of Queen Victoria who was not the reigning monarch during any of this period. Military Archives (Ireland) - a free site, the Military Archives has many online Irish military collections The Naval General Service Medal can refer to one of two medals, each issued by the British government as campaign medals for naval service: . ROYAL NAVY WW2 & POST WAR Naval General Service Medal 1918 -1962 "Minesweeping 1945-51" Group of Six. GOOD EF 1250 MILITARY GENERAL SERVICE MEDAL, "TOULOUSE" Driver William Hackett, RHA. stephenwheelermedals@gmail.com. For service in Southwest Asia and contiguous waters or air space thereover from July 4, 1965, through March 28, 1973. This volume contains a complete listing of all A.G.S. K. G. Greenway, P.O. The eight campaign stars and two general service medals awarded for service in the Second World War were issued unnamed by England and Canada after the criteria for the medals were finalized in 1948. TBC. The reverse has the symbol of Britannia holding a trident astride a seahorse with a fish tail. I also sometimes get commissions for purchases made through links in the posts. You may press enter to select an option. For direct support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in the designated area of eligibility (AOE). The NGSM was awarded retrospectively for various naval actions during the period 1793-1840, a period that . We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for For heroic or meritorious achievement of service, not involving aerial flight in connection with operationsagainst an opposing armed force. Awarded for 10 years of honorable service in the Naval Reserve (prior to Sept. 12, 1958). Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. The recipients of the five medals with three Boat Service clasps is shown in table 2 below. C. BUSH. May, Royal Navy, HMS Rattlesnake, Boxed Medallion, Daily Mail Bleriot Anniversary Cross Channel Air Race, 13th - 23rd July 1959, bronze, awarded to Lieutenant Commander W. J. Carter, Royal Navy, British Empire group of 7 to 4063697 Acting Corporal Robert Macfarlane Macleod. Furthermore, 79 of these medals were issued with two and a mere five with three Boat Service clasps. This decoration was instituted in 1918 to recognise service within a range of military operations where the service merited an award, but the campaign itself was not significant enough to merit the creation of an independent . NAVAL GENERAL SERVICE 2 CLASP MILITARY MINIATURE MEDAL - DANBURY MINT - REF56 6.99 1 bid Free postage 1d 19h Click & Collect WW1 1914-15 Star ROBBIE officer RNR Royal Naval Reserves Abroath & Southampton 8.50 3 bids 2.50 postage 5d 18h WW2 Naval Medal Grouping including scarce France & Germany Bar 75.00 0 bids 2.95 postage For those distinguishing themselves through contributions of major significance and/or extraordinary service to the Navy. Service between these dates included the search for the North West Passage and the searches for Sir John Franklin. Visit the National Archives bookshop for a range of available publications about British military campaign and service medals. Royal Naval and Royal Air Force campaign medal rolls for the inter-war period are not kept at The National Archives. Medals Database > By Country > Great Britain. With Service Ribbon (Navy-Marine Corps-Coast Guard) Forgallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life, above and beyond the call of duty, in action involving actual conflict with an opposing armed force. The first awards of the medal were made by Secretary of State for Defence Michael Fallon at a ceremony on 12 June 2016. Admiral Thomas Bladen Capel was one of the members of the board that authorised the medal.. The medal covered a variety of actions, from ship to ship skirmishes all the way to major . The medal was awarded with the following clasps: The medal is struck in silver and measures 36 millimeters in diameter. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, List of clasps to the Naval General Service Medal (1847), Naval General Service Medal Roll (17931840), Naval General Service Medal: List of clasps. Naval General Service Medal 1915-1962. For meritorious achievement or service while assigned to a joint activity. Awards for service in a particular battle within a war often took the shape of clasps attached to medal ribbons. Interpretation of the abbreviations used in some of the medal rolls: For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday Use Discovery (), our catalogue to browse record series WO 101 and WO 102 and to search WO 32, using code 50 as your keyword. Award competively for exceptional devotion to duty and extremely significant contribution of broad scope to efficiency or other improvements in the operation of the Department of Defense. They contain more detail than the medal roll. The final date for submitting claims was 1 May 1851. Awarded in the name of the secretary of defense for recognition of non-combat meritorious achievement or service while assigned to a joint activity. [6], A total of 126 awards were made to officers and men of the British Army, present on board HM's ships at qualifying actions. Full range of General Service Medals for sale - Our General Service Medals are available both full size and miniature. The Naval General Service Medal ( 1915 NGSM) was instituted in 1915 to recognise service by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines in minor campaigns that would not otherwise earn a specific campaign medal. = Refers to relevant N.L. Served from 6th July 1903 to 10th April 1917, with full service papers, Ashantee Medal (1873-74) to Bandsman J. www.identifymedals.com Identify Medals All rights reserved - 2023. If you provide contact details, we will be in touch about your request within 10 working days. [5] Jane Townshend, a woman aboard HMSDefiance at the Battle of Trafalgar, had her application for the medal initially approved. The Naval General Service Medal 1909-62 Image Info Time Period: Interwar Period Year of Institution: 1915 Country: Great Britain The Naval General Service Medal was instituted in 1915 to recognize service by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines in minor campaigns that would not otherwise earn a specific campaign medal. There are three campaign stars: (1) Defense of Saudi Arabia from 2 Aug. 90 to 16 Jan. 91; (2) Liberation and defense of Kuwait from 17 Jan. 91 to 11 Apr. specified service in the Royal Navy, the Naval General Service Medal, instituted in 1915, will be awarded. Commemorative medals are not awarded for military service and are not worn on service uniforms. The Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) was a campaign medal approved in 1847, for issue to officers and men of the Royal Navy. Seaman William Joseph Poyser, Royal Navy, Chief Stoker F. J. v3.0. Stone, Royal Navy. The AOE encompasses all land area of the country of Iraq, all air spaces above the land area of Iraq and the contiguous waters of Iraq out to 12 nautical miles. Army and Royal Flying Corps H.M.S. Awarded for service with the Multinational Force and Observers Organization for at least 90 consecutive days. This list of extant NGS medals was started by Jeff Foster, continued and expanded by Jim Murray over the past 19 years. Officially impressed: "K.22834 C. Fitzsimons , Sto. Read tagging guidelines. This page was last edited on 22 June 2021, at 10:31. For participation or service in direct support of Kosovo operations within established areas of eligibility. The Committee on the grant of Honours, Decorations and Medals have had . The Naval General Service Medal (1915 NGSM) was instituted in 1915 to recognise service by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines in minor campaigns that would not otherwise earn a specific campaign medal. Long Service Decorations and Medals Royal Canadian Navy Long Service and Goo. (Navy-Marine Corps-Coast Guard). WW1 Royal Navy Long service group 1914-15Star trio and RNLS good conduct medal awarded to Harry BrownHarry was born in Chatham on 6th June 1885He joined the Royal Navy on 26th October 1903 and served on many ships and establishments,including Idaho,Prosperine, Coreopais which had been a Q ship. Free delivery for many products! https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naval_General_Service_Medal&oldid=704233226, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 February 2016, at 10:40. For participating in designated operations after July 1, 1958. The General Service Medal was a campaign medal awarded to men and women of both the British Army and the Royal Air Force (the Royal Navy had their own equivalent medal). (Navy-Marine Corps-Coast Guard) For service in China, July 7, 1937, to Sept. 7, 1939, (Navy-Marine Corps)and Sept. 2, 1945, to April 1, 1957 (Navy-Marine Corps-Coast Guard). 7 JULY BOAT SERVICE 1809, PHOEBE 21 DECr 1797 (Only Five Issued), 23rd JUNE 1795, 1 JUNE 1794 (The Glorious 1st June). For members of the Territorial Forces who joined before 30 September 1914 and served in a theatre of war between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. For not less than six months' service with UN Observers Group in Lebanon, UN Truce Supervisory Organization in Palestine, UN Military Observers Group in India and Pakistan, or UN Security Forces, Hollandia. Of these recipients, 8 officers and 18 men also received the Military General Service Medal. A TRULY OUTSTANDING (FOUR CLASP) Naval General Service Medal (1848). The Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) was a campaign medal approved in 1847, and issued to officers and men of the Royal Navy in 1849. For active federal service in the armed forces, including the Coast Guard, between June 27, 1950, and July 1954; from Jan. 1, 1961, to Aug. 14, 1974; from Aug. 2, 1990, to 30 Nov. 1995 and from 11 Sept. 2001 to TBD. These are usually arranged by regiment/battalion (for the Army) or by ship (for the Royal Navy), then by rank, then name. The only additional information sometimes available on the rolls is the soldiers battalion number, which you will need if you want to find the battalion war diary: see British Army operations in the First World War. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. For meritorious direct participation in a significant military act or operation of a humanitarian nature performed after April 1, 1975. Reverse: The figure of Britannia, holding a trident, seated on a seahorse. Each card also provides a reference number which refers to an entry on the medal rolls (WO 329). This criterion is still followed today. J. P. Bell, including Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal to Royal Naval Volunteer Wireless Auxiliary Reserve, scarce medal- only 200 issued from 1939-57, awarded for 12 years of service, Group of 4 to Albert A. Kinsey, Leading Electrical Mechanic, HMS Bulwark, Royal Navy (Radfan GSM scarce to Navy), Group of 4 to Chief Petty Officer Writer Reginald Cutting, Royal Navy, served from 1913- 1928, see papers, Group of 4 to P.O.1. Served from 6th July 1903 to 10th April 1917, with full service papers 220.00 Sold Out Ashantee Medal (1873-74) to Bandsman J. Write to the Armed Services Medal Office at the address given in section 7 below. The Army/Air Force equivalent was the General Service Medal (1918). Government Provided Personnel to UN; formerly Op PRAISER (16-Dec-14 to present). From 1920 a bronze oak leaf emblem is worn on the ribbon of the medal to signify a, This page was last edited on 25 April 2022, at 18:57. For landing on foreign territory and engaging in operations against armed opposition, or operations under circumstances deemed to merit special recognition and for which no service or campaign medal has been awarded. The final date for submitting claims was 1 May 1851. May, Royal Navy, HMS Rattlesnake 440.00 91 to 30 Nov. 95. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. Somali National Army (SNA) Training and Advisory Team (STAT); formerly included in Op BACKWELL (24-Apr-12 to present). 91; (3) Southwest Asia Cease-Fire Campaign from 12 Apr. The medal was never issued without a clasp, 231 of which were sanctioned. [2]The suspension bar is the same design as those of the GSM 191862 and GSM 1962, as are the colours of the 32mm (1.26in) wide ribbon, which is dark green with a purple stripe towards each edge. This included 26 with the 'Copenhagen 1801' clasp and 50 with the 'Syria' clasp. The clasps and their qualifying periods of service are as follows:[3][4], Service in a second or subsequent qualifying operation is reflected by an additional clasp added to the existing GSM medal, not by a second medal. Each card should contain the soldiers name, corps (regiment), rank, regimental number, perhaps the first theatre of war served in and the date of entry to it, as well as other remarks and of course the medals awarded. The Queen's Regulations for the Royal Navy require all personnel to wear the proper ribbons for the medals which have been awarded to them and to comply with the instructions respecting the manner of wearing orders, decorations and medals and We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. medals awarded to the Naval and Marine Forces. This information will help us make improvements to the website. To: KX91835. [7], The Admiralty awarded 20,933 medals in total. Though far less detailed than most service records, documents of campaign medals can provide useful clues to a persons time in service, particularly where and when they served. TEL, Royal Navy (C.R.S. All Rights Reserved. Instead, they are awarded for attendance at a particular event or for service in a non-military operation. Both these medals were replaced by the General Service Medal in 1962. The cards are in document series WO 372 but copies can be viewed online and are name-searchable. +44(0)2072406827 African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) Mission Support Team (MST); formerly included in Op BACKWELL (24-Apr-12 to present). How to find records of commemorative medals, 9. The Iraq Campaign Medal period of eligibility is on or after 19 March 2003 to a future date to be determined. You need to sign in to tag. 1866-70, FENIAN RAID 1866. The Polar Medal was introduced for Arctic and Antarctic exploration from 1904. The medal was instituted in 1915 to recognise service by personnel serving with the Royal Navy and Royal Marines in minor naval operations that would not normally attract a specific medal. The obverse bears the image of one of three successive Sovereigns. With over 620 million military records, and military genealogy experts waiting to hear from you, we are the starting point for your military family history research. Membership can be purchased for a day, week, month, or year. For occupation service during and after World War II. a. If applicable, full-size medals can be professionally engraved with your service details and we also offer a comprehensive Medal Mounting Service. Additional information on the proper display, placement or additional devices is found in SECNAVINST 1650.1 series and the U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations (NAVPERS 15665J). London WC2N 4HE. [4], A baby born on board HMSTremendous during the battle of the Glorious First of June, christened Daniel Tremendous McKenzie, applied for and received the medal with the '1 June 1794' clasp. For participation in operations in the Korean area between June 27, 1950, and July 27, 1954. Unlike its predecessor, the General Service Medal (1962), operations will be denoted by clasps which indicate the geographic area of operations and not a specific operation. NAVY OCCUPATION SERVICE MEDAL View Item A RARE & ATTRACTIVE NAVAL GENERAL SERVICE MEDAL "MARTINIQUE" with COLOUR OIL, NAMED PORTRAIT MINIATURE. The Afghanistan Campaign Medal (ACM) period of eligibility commences 24 October 2001 to a future date to be determined. (Navy) [1], Awarded to Royal Navy and Royal Marines personnel serving aboard, "Medals: campaigns, descriptions and eligibility", "Defence Secretary awards new medal to 46 troops", "UK Armed Forces Deaths: Operational deaths post World War II 3 September 1945 to 17 February 2016", "JSP 761: Honours and Awards in the Armed Forces", "Minutes of the 122nd Meeting of the Management Committee of the Royal Engineers Association, 21st January 2015, Annex B. CPO. Help us improve catalogue descriptions by adding tags. A pleasing group to a man (probably a senior stoker) with wide ranging Naval service in WW2 and post war (cleaning up the mess !) Army medal rolls for the inter-war period can be searched by name on the Ancestry () website. Sailors are to work with their administrative support offices to have all valid awards entered into NDAWS. Africa General Service Medal, GV, bar Somaliland 1920, Stoker 1st Class Christopher Fitzsmons, HMS Ark Royal, Royal Navy, only 149 issued to ship, a very rare clasp. ]!LLf&^n=Mz/s|L+.\f&iA|0G%z?cx~=2Trz3rViZnvn|AY:Lr[sejNDYtb{Cv8xE|<. Archives, Open Government Licence The Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) was a campaign medal approved in 1847, and issued to officers and men of the Royal Navy in 1849. For military and civilian personnel who served in a theatre of war. For service in support of the defense of the Republic of Korea from July 28, 1954 to a future date to be determined. The NGSM was awarded retrospectively for various naval actions during the period 17931840, a period that included the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the Anglo-American War of 1812. These criteria are usually that an individual has served in a specific area, usually for a specified minimum time between set dates. HMS Daring's crew operated for 50 days under threat of attack, safeguarding 800,000 tonnes of merchant shipping. Search for an individual by name on the Ancestry () website. While next of kin could not apply on behalf of a deceased relative, they did receive the medal in cases where the claimant had died between their application and actual award. c. Royal Air Force Search the Air Ministry Orders in series AIR 72 for Long Sevice and Good Conduct Medal, George V. For recipients of the Jubilee Medal 1897; the Royal Victorian Medal 1901 (for taking part in Queen Victorias funeral); the Coronation Medals 1901 and 1911; and the Delhi Durbar Medals 1903 and 1911, see WO 100, WO 330 and ADM 171. A number of other campaign medal rolls for the Army up to 1939 can be found in WO 100/398-410, including medal rolls for operations in Iraq, Africa and India. Naval General Service Medal (1847) - authorised in 1847, awarded for a range of naval actions, from full-scale battles to minor skirmishes, between the period 1793-1840. [3], The medal was only awarded to surviving claimants. Frequently the number of claimants for individual clasps was reckoned in single figures and for ten clasps there were no claimants. For specified service in the Army or Royal Air Force, the The following recommended publications are available in the The National Archives library. The rolls recording the award of the Arctic Medal, 1875-1876; the Sea Transport Medal, 1899-1902; and the Delhi Durbar Medal, 1911, are included in this series. The medal was not finally awarded however, with the roll of recipients endorsed "upon further consideration this can not be allowed". Copyright 2023 Forces War Records by Ancestry. Campaign medal rolls for the Second World War are not kept at The National Archives. privacy policy, Admiralty, and Ministry of Defence, Navy Department: Medal Rolls, Available in digital format unless otherwise stated. This information will help us make improvements to the website. Details of what each medal was awarded for can be found in Appendix 1 below. Includes sailors serving ashore. For Direct support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in the designated area of eligibility (AOE). Naval General Service Medal (1915) - instituted in 1915, intended to cover minor . For the Army and the Royal Flying Corps there are medal index cards as well as medal rolls. GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL. They were not dependent on having seen action. These medals were awarded to warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and other ranks. MiD 1/1/1941 for service aboard HMS Severn, which took part in the Norwegian Campaign from Nov 1939, East and West Africa Medal, Benin 1897 bar, to W. E. Horne, Royal Navy, HMS Theseus, Father & son medal groups: 1914 Star trio with Belgium Cross of Veterans of King Albert I plus ID card to Pte. Cross, Royal Navy, General Service Medal, Malay Peninsula bar, to 085945 M(E)1 J. F. Croskery, Royal Navy, Group of 3 to 79558 D/Jc. [1], The clasps for the medal are named based on the geographic region of operations and not for specific named operations. NAVAL GENERAL SERVICE MEDAL, " SYRIA" (ROYAL NAVY) Carpenter's Crew, William Maunder. Enter search terms here to filter available options. For service in all other theatres of war, 5 August 1914 to 31 December 1915; and for service in France and Belgium, 23 November 1914 to 31 December 1915. For gallantry in action against an opposing armed force. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. [4][8] Of these, 15,577 went to individuals who received only one clasp. The Army/Air Force equivalent was the General Service Medal (1918). George Henry Bastable, Royal Navy. A Handbook of British and Foreign Orders, War Medals and Decoration Awarded to the Army and Navy: chiefly described from those in the collection of A A Payne, IRCP, MRCS of which there are some 2,500 (Polstead, 1981), W H Fevyer and J W Wilson, The 1914 Star to the Royal Navy and Royal Marines (London, 1995), Lawrence L Gordon, British Battles and Medals: A description of every campaign medal and bar awarded since the Armada, with the historical reasons for their award and the names of all the ships, regiments and squadrons of the Royal Air Force whose personnel are entitled to them (1979), E C Joslin, A R Litherland and B T Simpkin, British Battles and Medals (London, 1988), William Spencer, Medals: The Researchers Guide (Kew, 2006). For meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight. There does not appear to be any medals with four or more clasps. Also awarded to members of the National Guard and Reserve who were part of the Selected Reserve in good standing during the period from Aug. 2, 1990, to 30 Nov. 1995 and from 11 Sept. 2001 to TBD. Joined the Submarine Service in 1929 and served on HMS H43, H48, Oxley, Rover, Porpoise, Dolphin, Cyclops and Severn. H.M.S. How to find records of long service and good conduct medals, 6. General Sir Patrick Sanders - Carrying The Queen Consort's Sceptre. For acts of heroism not involving actual conflict with an opposing armed force. (Navy-Marine Corps-Coast Guard) For extraordinary heroism in connection with military operation against an opposing armed force. small plants revit family,
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