This essay will focus on the regeneration within London Stratford for the 2012 Olympic games. The London 2012 website has educational resources, information and regularly updated aerial photos of the site. During the construction of the Olympics, very few jobs were created for local people. At that time there was very little infrastructure existing prior to the plan. (2018) Olympic legacy? Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This field of expertise is large and far-reaching and will be discussed briefly in chapter 4 using case studies to highlight the various aspects. In this survey, respondents are asked to state whether they agree or disagree with a range of statements about the 2012 Olympics, and to rate the strength of this feeling. I bid for the Olympics It was bought by the London Development Agency (LDA) in 2007 and they soon issued a compulsory purchase order (CPO) to all the residents. At the gateway to the Olympic Park, with spectacular views over London, Westfield Stratford City opens up a whole new vantage point to the public, a new way to see and experience the City. 2008 the year of the Capital of Culture will see Liverpool hosting major events. You wanna take my life and get nothing out of it The first government response to the emerging inner city problem came in 1968 with the launch of the Urban Programme small amounts of short term funding to support local community development projects in the inner city. However, it can also be argued that it was the new residents who moved into the area as a result of the new housing developments and their influence has had an effect in the reduction of deprivation within the area and still lower-income residents are left behind and not accounted for in regeneration policies which have been the case in terms of housing and jobs (Kennelly and Watt, 2012), where many young local residents felt the regeneration was not for them. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. The closure of the mines, and other redundancies has led to unusually high levels of unemployment, poor health and low education achievements. The Olympic stadium was estimated to have cost 701 mil. Combat Sports 101: Everything You Need to Know, Cambridge University Press Football Club fans, Aqua Training HUB - Presentation- 2023- web Modified 7.pdf. This displacement of locals is an extremely negative impact of regeneration. Assessment 1 will be 10 minutes long, and includes topics This triggered a period of canal building activity between 1760 and 1850, the canals provided the infrastructure by which trade could occur more easily and cheaply and it is along these waterways that many cities were developed, including Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham and London. For regeneration to be successful, it should address the needs of the population. Some management strategies that have been employed in regenerating places include: Conflict in the community can be caused by the exacerbation of economic and social inequalities in response to regenerating places. the billions of pounds out of The regeneration story in Stratford is ongoing, and the area will change dramatically over the next four years. This is almost 3x more than the original estimate. One event can have wider and far lasting cultural benefits, whilst attracting further investment and increased visitor numbers. For the purposes of this study, UK examples will be used to directly answer the question posed, which will then be put in to context through briefly analysing the city of Bilbao and Barcelona in, Spain. Watt, P. (2018) Gendering the right to housing in the city: Homeless female lone parents in post-Olympics, austerity East London,Cities,76, pp.43-51. Why can regeneration reduce social mobility? These conflicts can be interpersonal, intragroup and or/intergroup in nature. Community conflicts can arise because of the negative impacts suffered by people in response to regeneration. Traditionally, the port had relied on privately owned warehousing in the town to store cargo from the dock. What have I got that you want? The environment aspect in particular is becoming increasingly important as the countrys social conscience continues to increase into the future. The success of the Lowry Centre was entirely dependent on the infrastructure that was laid before it, in order to carry the number of visitors, workers and residents that would be required for it to be a success. It is advisable to seek the permission of the centre's management staff before you visit. Furthermore, it highlights the use of neoliberal ideas in selling a majority to the private sector as the local authorities were dependent on private buyers in buying flats within the East Village. In order to balance the argument for regeneration it will be necessary to substantiate these different viewpoints and provide a fair consideration from all stakeholders who would be involved and affected by developments. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Sera Blair looks at the impacts on and recovery of Victoria's mountain ash forests. More about Negative Impacts of Regeneration. To what extent has Culture-Led Regeneration affected the built environment within the UK? because I wanted three weeks Why? In this case, far less attention has been given to the preparation of infrastructure, such as improvements to roads and metro systems as well as the improvements to housing, with new residential developments, with the redevelopment of existing cultural facilities that may also have contributed to the regeneration of the city. With roughly half the properties being privately owned, it shows the key factor of time where committees were trying to sell the properties quickly in order to create and sustain a legacy, however it has now created more houses to be privately owned resulting in less affordable housing which has left most of the previous residents, many of which are low-income residents, unable to afford to live in Newham. Liverpool was a major participant in the national celebrations of Sea Britain, with special relevance to 2005, The Year of the Sea. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Arguments against Regeneration social and environmental (rich people/poor areas and the infrastructure). The stadiums were made of 25% recycled materials. Universities bring employment and student spending which regenerates pubs, shops and buy to let properties. In the 1990s, a new station and bus station were built along with a library, cinema and theatre. There are a number of urban needs which suit the population but for this essay, key urban needs which will be discussed include adequate housing, chances of improving the economic situation through new opportunities as well as a sense of community within the local urban area. They can be used by students to consider how the area has changed over the past 50 years, and how it will change still further in the future. Lets take a look at these in more detail. You just wanna take my life and call your self a DON call yourself a wasteman The beginning of the Information Age during the 1990s saw a sharp transition from primary manufacturing industries to a knowledge based, service industry. 2: Gentrified building in Mexico City's Roma neighbourhood (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mexico_City%27s_Roma_neighborhood_gentrification_2016.jpg) by Francisco Pelez (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Francisco_Pel%C3%A1ez) Licensed by CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), Fig. How do you avoid conflicts in the community? Areas throughout the United Kingdom fell into a state of squalor and disrepair; serious efforts were made to reverse the slum conditions resulting from the housing crisis over the next 100 years. end, include your opinion on why you think the Olympics was/wasnt good for Stratford What about wealth? for local resi 2. modern buildings. Fig. Up until 2011, which would have the peak employment chance for the Olympics, there were only a small number of direct employment opportunities (Brown and Szymanski, 2012) and this was especially true within the six host boroughs where most of the regeneration policies were targeted to improve employment and skills. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Po 1. invested into sports in London, fans will in creative activities new Stratford rail Games. An intergroup conflict occurs between societal groups. Bernstock (2016) found that property prices within Stratford had risen the highest of any London borough since 2012, resulting in higher rent prices which have led to many lower-income families unable to afford to live in Stratford. However, most of the regeneration strategies used have not addressed the urban needs of the population as many have been left worse off than before the Olympics. Many were also employed for a short-term basis and were poorly paid which did not help them develop skills as promised within the LAP and SRF. use evidence to back up your opinion. . The key is urban regeneration. "Seven . Negative impacts of the games on the area and (2005) Urban regeneration: what can be done and what should be avoided?, Istanbul 2004 International Urban Regeneration Symposium: Workshop of Kucukcekmece District, pp. Seville (EXPO 92), Lisbon (ECOC 94 & EXPO 98) and Rotterdam (ECOC 01) are cases where large-scale regeneration programmes have been combined with these cultural events. good for Stratford use evidence to back up your opinion. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! 3: Local fruit market potentially threatened by TNCs (https://www.flickr.com/photos/16953270@N00/2715600222) by Filip Maljkovi (https://www.flickr.com/photos/dungodung/) Licensed by CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. highlighting different aspects of the citys unique culture including The Tall Ships Race which has a significant connection with the cities maritime heritage. Some of the most noticeable negative impacts of regeneration include: As a place is upgraded via regeneration, it is typical for products and services offered within the area to get more expensive. However, despite the great potential that existed in the development of the waterfront, the site was not ideally located in terms of attracting residents, businesses or visitors; The Docks were three kilometres from the city centre, enclosed by walls and filled with polluted water [Struthers 2003]. True or false: regenerating places only has positive impacts on the place. The town centre became a brighter, more attractive place. Regenerating Places. While regeneration can be argued to benefit the areas and communities in which it occurs, there are undeniably several negative impacts of regeneration. Furthermore, they often feel resentment towards or frustration with the people who are causing them to suffer socially and economically. The built environment has always performed a wide range of functions, the main theme being initially shelter, social enablers and also trade. Start up Google Earth It is time the Victorian Government values the social, economic and environmental values of our amazing mountain ash forests as water . Whilst there are expected positive impacts of regeneration from restoring or developing an area, there are negative impacts of regeneration. The ECOC will be a vital aid in reshaping and reforming Liverpool to revive the city back to its former successful status, with the regeneration of its famous waterfront known as the Albert Docks. Although sounding similar, the models represent and explain three varied approaches to regeneration. The purpose of regeneration is to improve the areas people live and prevent them from falling into disrepair. The paper will also touch on areas that may have failed or where areas are finding the task of regenerating the physical but also the social and political aspects challenging. It found that as a result, some high streets and independent businesses are facing a range of challenges including closures - which threaten the strong social value they offer Londoners. pictures? Yr 7 britain in the 1950s project revised jan 2011, August 2021 - Cambridge English Teachers Activities, PGCE Secondary Geography student at Geographeasy, Athletes village & other projects - ODA and Lend Lease. Oxford: Butterworth Architecture. Many of the grounds in the Olympic Park have been kept as parkland and are open to the public for use. By displacing residents in order to create new luxury apartments supposedly for the original residents, is not addressing their needs as it breaks up their way of life as strong ties which they held with Clays Lane are now gone, as well as many being separated from their friends and in turn worsening their economic situation because many residents had to pay to higher rents in their new homes. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. This section will primarily focus on housing within the Newham borough, one of the six boroughs which the games were hosted in. The Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost 701 million pounds, almost 3 times the original estimate, Existing businesses had to move, including H. Forman and Sons, a salmon-smoking factory with 50 employees. Rents and property prices have gone up because of the games. The Olympic Site was built on 560 acres of brownfield land. your idea onto your whiteboard This competition will often be part of the regeneration project and so will have been introduced to cope with the demands of the area. The Lowry Centre opened in April 2000 and has since been credited, along with its associated projects, with the creation of 6,500 jobs in the local economy. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? TO WHAT EXTENT HAS CULTURE-LED REGENERATION AFFECTED THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. The regeneration of Stratford had an overall positive impact, with new affordable houses, a better economy, and a sustainable environment. The mothers could not afford the high costs which are now associated with Stratford and could only afford social housing as a result of a new demographic moving into Stratford and more market owned housing leading to an increase in house prices (Watt, 2018). Dedicated to your worth and value as a human being! positive and negative impacts from the Olympic games both on the Researchers helped choose sustainable & biodiverse vegetation suited to an urban environment, including 4,000 trees. There are still high levels of unemployment in the borough and it was a missed opportunity to train people up for work. Learning Outcomes you took my life and didnt care (www.historylearningsite.co.uk) In the North West, Manchester alone experienced a dramatic six-fold increase in its population during this time. 15, 2013. The map extracts are from the Ordnance Survey 1951 and 1952 editions, Crown copyright. Community conflicts can have several effects on society and places. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. By placing a booking, you are permitting us to store and use your (and any other attendees) details in order to fulfil the booking. environment and the natural environment. See the tears run from my eyes down my face Fig. The Olympics has helped schools in the area there was a shortage of spaces but a new school opened in the grounds of the park. East End - to clean the soil, put This area was chosen because of the potential for excellent surface and underground transport connections, and due to the need for regeneration in the area. An interpersonal conflict occurs between one person from Group A and one person from Group B. Assessment 2 is about Londons Olympic bid. This has created environments people want to visit, live and work in in turn bringing further economic and social benefits. The Imperial War Museum, a major tourist attraction in its own right was opened in 2002 and was designed by renowned architect, Daniel Libeskind, the imposing design aimed to depict the world as a globe, shattered by war and mans self-destruction [Libeskind, 2001]. Policies should also account for the linked nature between the economic, social, cultural and physical fabric of an area which is being developed (Tallon, 2013) during the regeneration process as having a focus on one aspect can lead to deprivation within another aspect. environmental quality of the area? site before and after the Olympics. In addition to looking at how regeneration has affected the built environment, the idea that it has been culture-led poses further aspects and issues but however, less scrutiny has been given to the idea of regeneration being culture-led, this is a continuously growing area which deserves more analysis due to the economic success it has given investors and key stakeholders. This was done through transforming rail links, adding a mega-mall known as Westfield and building apartments for athletes which would then be sold onto the public. Regeneration can have distinct features; Turock (2005) highlights that it can change the physical fabric of the area as well as involving the community and other actors. I need evidence of your revision. Completing this task at each site visited enables a useful visual comparison to be made.. However, alongside these benefits are many negative impacts on other subgroups of society. Furthermore, the % of low paid workers increased by 10% from 2011 to 2014 (Hackney Gazette, 2018) which could indicate that regeneration excluded low income workers and had not fully addressed their needs in improving wages for them which would boost their incomes and potentially help them better their lives as many were earning less than the minimum wage and it is evident to see that the regeneration had not helped improve their income or help them gain the skills needed to look for different employment. (2008) Displaced by Londons Olympics. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/rents-lettings-and-tenancies (Accessed: 16 November 2019), Newham Council (2011) Understanding Newham 2011. Roberts, P. and Sykes, H. (eds) (1999). These are completed when youre at a site. Glasgow became the first city to become European Capital of Culture in 1990 having had more than three years to plan for the event. Test revision handout It is a year 8 lesson. MYSOCIETYLOGIN This will enable us to compare aspects of the Olympic (2017) Symbolic violence and the Olympic Games: Low-income youth, social legacy commitments, and urban exclusion in Olympic host cities, Journal of youth studies,20(2), pp.145-161. you about Newham? We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.io. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Following concerns that the site may be developed purely for housing and offices, a development strategy review was prepared and published in 1988 and set the context for future proposals with an emphasis on a mixture of uses and their relationship to the water, providing opportunities for leisure and culture based activities [Salford City Council, 1988]. Vandalism and violence can be examples of interpersonal conflicts. This does not address the needs of the populations as a sufficient amount of jobs were not provided and with a rising youth population, many young people were looking for work and thought with the number of promises made by the governments they would be guaranteed a job and by not having a job many have had false hope which can affect their well being and drive to find other job opportunities. Since the decline in the city between 1970 to 1980, Liverpool has experienced more urban regeneration than virtually any other city in the UK. Whether this is the price of a house, bills, or a haircut, rising expenses can contribute to economic inequality. However Liverpool has recognised the value of culture to aid in transforming a failing city, with the help of this development it will ignite many other opportunities for the city. Vegas + revision guide, the time Ken Livingstone what do you expect the east Games will aim to improve this area. The first response of the government was to introduce City Challenge; a programme that allowed local authorities to lead local partnerships in bidding for central government money to support local regeneration projects, Liverpool was one of the first successful cities receiving 37.5million in the first round of bidding. . will be billions of pounds from Note that materials are not included, which may explain why the slides don't seem to contain enough information! International Handbook on the Economics of Mega Sporting Events. HIRE OUR VENUE extended piece of writing An intragroup conflict might occur between members of Group A, and an intergroup conflict might occur between members of Group A and Group B. 3 - Local fruit market which could be threatened by (large) transnational corporations (TNCs). The history of regeneration in Stratford started in the 1960s, bringing the shopping centre and London Frieght Terminal and some employment for local people. A major feature of Barcelonas regeneration programme involved the expansion of the city centre to encompass the former industrial areas situated on the citys periphery. Looking for a flexible role? These figures represent a 60% increase in just 40 years. Urban regeneration: a handbook. The town also had extensive railway works at this time, a 78 acre site which employed 6,000 people to build locomotives and carriages. The role culture can play in attempting to regenerate an area can be expressed through three different models of regeneration; cited in a report by the Department of Culture, Media and Sports, on the contribution of culture within regeneration in the United Kingdom. This means that the company has to sell more groceries to afford the rent and still make enough of a profit to stay in operation. Researchers helped choose sustainable & biodiverse vegetation suited to an urban environment, including . This is due to community tension that arises in response to increased inequalities and forced displacement of locals. Properties for poorer people had to be demolished to make way for the site, 450 Housing Association flats were torn down for example. While regeneration can be argued to benefit the areas and communities in which it occurs, there are undeniably several negative impacts of regeneration. 1 - Urban renewal shown by new and old buildings together. following: We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Almost half of these 2,818 new homes (40%) are affordable. In all regeneration programmes . area and the people living there. Both the LAP and SRF included promises to improve opportunities economically as well as interventions and benefits which needed to be undertaken to increase the unemployment rate. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. There were four areas of focus for urban regeneration: Economic; Education and sports; Social; Regeneration. Escalation of the issue (to more extreme disputes; potentially inciting violence). If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. The gentrification applies to areas around the Olympic Park. Regeneration Outside of Stratford Studentification is the gradual change (social and environmental) of an area of a the city by the arrival of increasing numbers of students and the conversion of older, often 19th century, houses into student flats by subdividing large properties. It was during this time that work within the creative industries was recognised as bringing a viable way of sustaining a business enterprise around the arts and crafts, later joined by digital media based work. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. It's exactly how I A majority of residents were moved in emergency accommodation whilst some were moved to places outside of East London, away from their community and friends. Accessibility Regeneration is the long-term upgrading of existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change. The athletes village has been relaunched as a housing estate. Alongside - or instead of - surveys with local people, students can get an idea of the range of opinions about the 2012 Olympics by looking at postings on the BBC Sport website around the time that the bid was secured. Benefits of the Stratford regeneration. In 2010, Newham's population had roughly 57 100 workless people (ibid.) This allowed the redevelopment and expansion of the commercial sector along the waterfront. They are asked to think carefully about the photos they take, taking three photos to sum up the area socially, economically and environmentally. Written before the London 2012 Olympics, this resource looks at the developments in East London in the lead up to the Games. We know that many of you worry about the environmental impact of travel and are looking . However, the true legacy of the regeneration cannot fully be seen as it has only been seven years and only time will tell what the true legacy will look like in twenty years. However, Hatcher, C. (2012) Legacies of Dislocation on the Clays Lane Estate, The Art of Dissent: Adventures in Londons Olympic State, pp.197-206. It is important to note, however, that some argue that some alterations of places are beneficial to the population by improving infrastructure and services available. The Employment Effects of London 2012: An Assessment in Mid-2011, in Maenning, W and Zimbalist, A. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. the Government Site 4: Stratford The heart of the Olympics regeneration project, with additional Stratford City and transport developments. EQSs next + google earth + london profiler, Not For You To Take Is It? the London Borough of Newham. In order to create a legacy, different boards were set up including the Olympic Park Legacy Company (OPLC) in 2009 which was turned in the London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC) after the games in 2012 in order to make sure a positive legacy would be achieved for social and economic change. PRESS AND MEDIA Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/jun/02/olympics2012 (Accessed: 18 November 2019), Turock, I. The appearance and environment of towns and cities are clear representations of their history as well as indicators of their present ability to provide a quality of life to residents and business owners or workers. The report also reiterated the importance of London's high streets, the impact of urban change and large-scale retail regeneration in emerging areas.
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