[134], William continued the collection of Danegeld, a land tax. of this family were for centuries seated in Westminster and in other sections of Pennsylvania and the early settlers of Virginia and other southern states. I have probably played with most of them. Lordships. Stigand and his brother, thelmr, the Bishop of Elmham, were deposed from their bishoprics. William responded swiftly, ignoring a continental revolt in Maine, and symbolically wore his crown in the ruins of York on Christmas Day 1069. The first, which he led, faced Henry. [2] In 1034 the duke decided to go on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. If John Tebbel is correct in his book "Turning The World Upside Down", Genealogies" and "A History of Wales" by John Davies. [27] In early 1047 Henry and William returned to Normandy and were victorious at the Battle of Val-s-Dunes near Caen, although few details of the actual fighting are recorded. From this his family assumed the name of DeCroy, which was later Meanwhile, the Danish king's brother, Cnut, had finally arrived in England with a fleet of 200 ships, but he was too late as Norwich had already surrendered. The diploma is dated 8th January 1639, * which was afterwards ratified in parliament, 17th November 1641. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. worldwide traders. [50] He was strong enough to draw bows that others were unable to pull and had great stamina. [77] The Norman fleet finally set sail two days later, landing in England at Pevensey Bay on 28 September. This band of young men went to the castle at Remalard, where they proceeded to raid into Normandy. Although a mere two or three days' ride away at Abbeville, Robert did not attend William's deathbed or funeral. Rolf, Rollo or Raoul (son of Rognwald, Jarl of Mori in Norway) invaded it is Gray. [88], Harold's body was identified the day after the battle, either through his armour or marks on his body. 2, 1589 and married on October 6, 1606 to Elizabeth Ward. This altercation was one [87] The available sources are more confused about events in the afternoon, but it appears that the decisive event was Harold's death, about which differing stories are told. "They built castles far and wide, oppressing the unhappy people", wept the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1066. Members of the Gray or de Gray family later ride with William the Conqueror to defeat the Brittish at the Battle of Hastings(1066). [38] William met the invasion by dividing his forces into two groups. Also, in England, no other coinage was allowed, while on the continent other coinage was considered legal tender. Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. During the Bretons' flight, rumours swept through the Norman forces that the duke had been killed, but William succeeded in rallying his troops. [t] When in Normandy, William acknowledged that he owed fealty to the French king, but in England no such acknowledgement was made further evidence that the various parts of William's lands were considered separate. http://members.aol.com/rinewpor/famhist.html. The Vexin was a buffer state between Normandy and the lands of the French king, and Simon had been a supporter of William. It was a fairly simple administrative system, built around the ducal household,[53] which consisted of a group of officers including stewards, butlers, and marshals. He was of Viking extraction. William I[a] (c.1028[1] 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard,[2][b] was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. He was not known as a patron of authors, and there is little evidence that he sponsored scholarships or other intellectual activities. The listings describe the holding, who owned the land before the Conquest, its value, what the tax assessment was, and usually the number of peasants, ploughs, and any other resources the holding had. Sometimes deputies were appointed to deal with specific issues. Robert and Pardon who left a record for all to see. This campaign, which included the burning and destruction of part of the countryside that the royal forces marched through, is usually known as the "Harrying of the North"; it was over by April 1070, when William wore his crown ceremonially for Easter at Winchester. Columbia river in Washington state. Although English and Norman forces remained on alert throughout 1085 and into 1086, the invasion threat was ended by Cnut's death in July 1086. The Tiverton Grays are descended from a long line of Grays which are claimed to go back to Rollo, Viking invader and conqueror of Normandy, France. Owain received 10,000 marks (L6,666) ransom for him. William placed supporters in charge of these new fortifications among them William Peverel at Nottingham and Henry de Beaumont at Warwick. Robert was accused by some writers of killing Richard, a plausible but now unprovable charge. [62] Godwin returned from exile in 1052 with armed forces, and a settlement was reached between the king and the earl, restoring the earl and his family to their lands and replacing Robert of Jumiges, a Norman whom Edward had named Archbishop of Canterbury, with Stigand, the Bishop of Winchester. The lands around Rouen became the core of the later duchy of Normandy. He registered for military service in 1066. correspond with John of Stapleford, as his eldest child was born in 1608. [138], William left Normandy to Robert, and the custody of England was given to William's second surviving son, also called William, on the assumption that he would become king. Among the names inscribed at Battle Abbey, after the Battle of Hastings, of a series of incidents that brought about the Boston Massacre later that most eventful periods of English history. English sources claim that Ealdred, the Archbishop of York, performed the ceremony, while Norman sources state that the coronation was performed by Stigand, who was considered a non-canonical archbishop by the papacy. John, Lord of Gray, whose son Anschetil de Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle of Hastings, and was recorded in the Domesday Book (a record complied by a royal commission set up by William in 1085-86), as lord of many manors and lordships in the counties of Oxford and . if you have any questions, please e-mail Rodney Gray at "wyarg 'at' juno dot com". [58], The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in the "D" version, states that William visited England in the later part of 1051, perhaps to secure confirmation of the succession,[59] or perhaps William was attempting to secure aid for his troubles in Normandy. He received from Robert the Castle and honor continue prominently represented among the titled nobility in England, Conan's death in 1066 further secured William's borders in Normandy. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. [12], Robert I succeeded his elder brother Richard III as duke on 6 August 1027. 1476; and Lady Jane Grey who was queen of England for a few days. Nor is there evidence that many English pennies were circulating in Normandy, which shows little attempt to integrate the monetary systems of England and Normandy. [127], By William's death, after weathering a series of rebellions, most of the native Anglo-Saxon aristocracy had been replaced by Norman and other continental magnates. but found "himself bruished and bloody on the ground." Local nobles resisted the claim, but William invaded and by 1064 had secured control of the area. From there, he ravaged the interior and waited for Harold's return from the north, refusing to venture far from the sea, his line of communication with Normandy. William's movements during 1084 and 1085 are unclear he was in Normandy at Easter 1084 but may have been in England before then to collect the danegeld assessed that year for the defence of England against an invasion by King Cnut IV of Denmark. were both executed in 1483, by the notorious Richard III. Harold's sons were meanwhile raiding the southwest of England from a base in Ireland. Edward, baptized April 15, 1623 (no further mention). The Whitsun council saw the appointment of Lanfranc as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas of Bayeux as the new Archbishop of York, to replace Ealdred, who had died in September 1069. In England several families from this . Since then they have repeatedly distinguished Burkes Peerage says: "The family of Gray is of great antiquity The seal shows a mounted knight and is the first extant example of an. This was an advantage for William, as it was the only universal tax collected by western European rulers during this period. as town clerk and in other capacities. Sam helped precipitate the Massacre itself. It is unclear whether William would have been supplanted in the ducal succession if Robert had had a legitimate son. Henry de Gray obtained from King Richard I (1190), the Parish Registers of Stapleford Tawney, Essex Co., England, as printed at Although this was William's first defeat in battle, it did little to change things. of Sir Thomas of Berwick and Chillingham. [96] Once in Normandy the new English king went to Rouen and the Abbey of Fecamp,[94] and then attended the consecration of new churches at two Norman monasteries. John Gray was married before going to Stapleford, and [41], One factor in William's favour was his marriage to Matilda of Flanders, the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders. He hinted obliquely that William and Matilda were, The exact date of the marriage is unknown, but it was probably in 1051 or 1052, and certainly before the end of 1053, as Matilda is named as William's wife in a. theling means "prince of the royal house" and usually denoted a son or brother of a ruling king. [54], William cultivated close relations with the church in his duchy. of the family was in Plymouth in 1643. [22] Yet another guardian, Osbern, was slain in the early 1040s in William's chamber while the duke slept. all apparently descended from one parent stock and one origin. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After hurried consultations, the allegation was shown to be true, and the man was compensated. The information that follows was researched and kindly provided by Rodney William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his son, Robert, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. She was a nobody, likely the daughter of a tanner and far, far below his father's station. Ralph eventually left Norwich in the control of his wife and left England, finally ending up in Brittany. near the throne. Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library. Eventually, the clergy of Rouen arranged to have the body sent to Caen, where William had desired to be buried in his foundation of the Abbaye-aux-Hommes. France in the 9th century with his Norwegian followers and established [46][k] The marriage was important in bolstering William's status, as Flanders was one of the more powerful French territories, with ties to the French royal house and to the German emperors. Richilde proposed marriage to William fitzOsbern, who was in Normandy, and fitzOsbern accepted. by purchase from the Indians. Tostig appears to have received little local support, and further raids into Lincolnshire and near the River Humber met with no more success, so he retreated to Scotland, where he remained for a time. repeated in mixed company." [138], Disorder followed William's death; everyone who had been at his deathbed left the body at Rouen and hurried off to attend to their own affairs. Gray who was slain at the second battle of St. Albans, 1461. Another concern was the death of Count Baldwin VI of Flanders in July 1070, which led to a succession crisis as his widow, Richilde, was ruling for their two young sons, Arnulf and Baldwin. Joshua, The lack of Norman response appears to have caused the Northumbrians to grow restive, and in the spring of 1080 they rebelled against the rule of Walcher, the Bishop of Durham and Earl of Northumbria. Edgar, having lost much of his support, fled to Scotland,[98] where King Malcolm III was married to Edgar's sister Margaret. It to that King, receiving possessions in Roufield shire of Roxburgh. 6. [101] Norman clergy were appointed to replace the deposed bishops and abbots, and at the end of the process, only two native English bishops remained in office, along with several continental prelates appointed by Edward the Confessor. After a long effort, the duke succeeded in exiling Guy in 1050. [2] Although he put two Normans in overall charge, he retained many of the native English sheriffs. The crowning of William the Conqueror was "celebrated" by setting buildings on fire. I know there are loads of wonderful programs to assist in the tabulation, formation and display of the largest family tree. He died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. The remaining earls Edwin (of Mercia), Morcar (of Northumbria), and Waltheof (of Northampton) were confirmed in their lands and titles. [97] FitzOsbern and Odo found it difficult to control the native population and undertook a programme of castle building to maintain their hold on the kingdom. Chillingham, England, Motto, Anchor Fast Anchor. Ralph was bottled up in Norwich Castle by the combined efforts of Odo of Bayeux, Geoffrey de Montbray, Richard fitzGilbert, and William de Warenne. Anschetil de Gray It appears that the Gray family was from Harwich, Essex, as a John and of the duke of Suffolk, with Mary, daughter of Henry VII and the sister During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, Archbishop Matthew Parker saw the Conquest as having corrupted a purer English Church, which Parker attempted to restore. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. William was able to secure the departure of Sweyn and his fleet in 1070,[103] allowing him to return to the continent to deal with troubles in Maine, where the town of Le Mans had revolted in 1069. [p] The Danish king had brought a large fleet to England and attacked not only York but Exeter and Shrewsbury. found in. Between 1066 and 1072, William spent only 15 months in Normandy and the rest in England. as being worthy to be remembered for valiant services rendered, was J. In 1086, he ordered the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey listing all of the land-holdings in England along with their pre-Conquest and current holders. and were for many generations in high favor with the English kings. Many Grays of this line were sailors, ship owners, ship captains and [52] William's main hobby appears to have been hunting. [118], Word of William's defeat at Gerberoi stirred up difficulties in northern England. William the Conqueror after Hastings, image extracted from Poems for Christmas, Easter, and New Year's, 1885, on Wikimedia Commons. Swein's death in 1014 allowed thelred to return home, but Swein's son Cnut contested thelred's return. [24] Although many of the Norman nobles engaged in their own private wars and feuds during William's minority, the viscounts still acknowledged the ducal government, and the ecclesiastical hierarchy was supportive of William. Lady Jane Gray(Queen of England for several days only) was a direct decendant. Orderic relates that he had previously demanded control of Maine and Normandy and had been rebuffed. He also retained control of much of the lands of Harold and his family, which made the king the largest secular landowner in England by a wide margin. Though he spoke a dialect of French and grew up in Normandy, a fiefdom loyal to the French . Within the first century, between 1620 and 1720, research indicates that This would have been considered tampering with the king's authority over his vassals, which William would not have tolerated. to Robert, Duke of Normandy. Original: Mar 26, 2013. afterward queen of Edward IV; Thomas Grey, created Marquis of Dorset in They were the parents of at least 4 sons and 5 daughters. The administrative machinery of Normandy, England, and Maine continued to exist separate from the other lands, with each one retaining its own forms. Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle themselves in politics, literature, and the learned professions and still of Rotherfield, Codmore, Wilton, Rhuthun, Groby and Rugemont, the Viscount The corpse was too large for the space, and when attendants forced the body into the tomb it burst, spreading a disgusting odour throughout the church. changed to DeGray and then to Gray. [60], Count Herbert II of Maine died in 1062, and William, who had betrothed his eldest son Robert to Herbert's sister Margaret, claimed the county through his son. Samuel Gray, son of Edward of Tiverton, moved to Boston and could be He Was Illegitimate. in the United States. The Grays in Ireland, usually [q] Another reason for the appointment may have been pressure from the papacy to appoint Lanfranc. [110] However, Edgar was forced to submit to William shortly thereafter, and he returned to William's court. de Gray, (III) John from whom the most illustrious branches of the house On his southbound journey, he began constructing Lincoln, Huntingdon, and Cambridge Castles. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- ), 41st President of the US. Harold, perhaps to secure the support of Edwin and Morcar in his bid for the throne, supported the rebels and persuaded King Edward to replace Tostig with Morcar. But William was not finished; he marched over the Pennines during the winter and defeated the remaining rebels at Shrewsbury before building Chester and Stafford Castles. [13] Conditions in Normandy were unsettled, as noble families despoiled the Church and Alan III of Brittany waged war against the duchy, possibly in an attempt to take control. Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before marching to Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about 27 miles (43 kilometres) per day,[81] for the distance of approximately 200 miles (320 kilometres). Fulbert was also William the Conqueror's Great Chamberlain. This income was collected by the chamber, one of the household departments. His daughter, Arlotta, is said to have been the mother of William the Conqueror. in the Reign of William the Conqueror, are the Amoreal bearings of Paganus The youngest son, Henry, received money. The difficulties over the succession led to a loss of authority in Normandy, with the aristocracy regaining much of the power they had lost to the elder William. Descendants Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), poet.
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